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Unit 5

BIO.1E - Cell Cycle & Asexual Reproduction

Unit 5: Need to Know and Be Able to Do

BIO.1E.1 - Division and Differentiation Build an Organism

Need to know

  • Mitosis is used for growth and tissue repair.
  • After DNA replication, mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
  • Cell differentiation is the process of cells becoming specialized for different jobs.

Be able to do

  • Select the correct model: one parent cell → DNA replication → two identical daughter cells.

Watch out for

  • Incorrect models may show four cells, binary fission, or bacterial conjugation. Mitosis produces two identical cells after replication.

BIO.1E.2 - The Cell Cycle and What Goes Wrong

Need to know

  • During a normal cycle, the cell grows → its chromosomes duplicate → the cell divides through mitosis → the cell itself splits in two through cytokinesis.
  • Interphase is the part of the cycle before division, when growth and chromosome duplication happen.
  • The four stages of mitosis occur in this order:
    1. Prophase: Chromosomes coil up and become visible, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
    2. Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in a single row across the middle.
    3. Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite ends.
    4. Telophase: Two new nuclei form, and the cell begins to pinch in the middle.
  • Memory hook: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase - “I Passed My Anatomy Test.” Think middle for metaphase and apart for anaphase.
  • The cycle has three checkpoints. At each checkpoint, the cell determines whether conditions are favorable for division to continue, and detected mistakes are usually corrected immediately.
  • p53 is a checkpoint protein. When conditions are not favorable, it stops the cycle. When p53 does not work, division becomes uncontrolled.
  • The mitotic spindle moves sister chromatids, which are the two identical copies of a duplicated chromosome.
  • Cancer results from losing cell-cycle control. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably.

Be able to do

  • Put images of dividing cells in the correct order. The images may have no labels, so read where the chromosomes are instead of relying only on phase names.
  • Read a cell-cycle diagram showing three checkpoints.
  • Predict the consequence of a nonfunctional p53 mutation: uncontrolled cell division.
  • Predict the consequence of spindle malfunction: daughter cells receive too many or too few chromosomes.
  • Explain why chromosome duplication must happen first for a young animal to grow into an adult.
  • Eliminate distractors that misuse interphase and cytokinesis. Cancer cells do not remain in a long-term interphase or experience only cytokinesis.
  • Reject fixes that do not restore cell-cycle control. A lipid cannot replace p53 because p53 is a protein, and adding another checkpoint does not repair a broken checkpoint.

Watch out for

  • Connect cancer specifically to loss of cell-cycle control and uncontrolled division.
  • Use the term sister chromatids for the two identical copies of a duplicated chromosome.

BIO.1E.3 - Asexual Reproduction

Need to know

  • The four processes are budding, vegetative propagation, regeneration, and binary fission.
  • Offspring DNA is identical to the parent's because the cells came from mitosis or binary fission.
  • Asexual reproduction reduces genetic variation in a population.

Be able to do

  • Identify budding, regeneration, or vegetative propagation from a model.
  • State the key similarity between mitosis and binary fission: both produce daughter cells with identical DNA.
  • Identify reduced genetic variation as a negative effect of regeneration on a population.

Watch out for

  • Asexual reproduction is fast and does not require a mate, but its cost is reduced variation.
Unit 5 Flashcards

Study the essential terms for the cell cycle and asexual reproduction.

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Unit 5 Interactive Review

Practice the cell cycle, mitosis ordering, root-tip data, asexual reproduction, and cell-cycle control.

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Unit 5 Review Quiz

Complete 30 single-choice questions with immediate feedback covering the cell cycle, mitosis, and asexual reproduction.

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Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and DNA Replication Review

Practice cell-cycle stages, DNA replication, chromosome movement, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

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Asexual Reproduction Review

Practice binary fission, budding, vegetative propagation, regeneration, chromosome number, and genetic variation.

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Cell Cycle Control and Cancer Review

Practice cell-cycle checkpoints, p53, loss of cell-cycle control, and cancer.

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Cell Cycle Ordering

Put the stages of the cell cycle in the correct order.

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Cell Cycle Diagram

Drag-and-drop review of the stages and major events of the cell cycle.

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Stages of the Cell Cycle

Match each stage of the cell cycle with its major events.

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Mitosis Diagram

Drag-and-drop review of the stages and major events of mitosis.

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Stages of Mitosis

Review the stages of mitosis and their defining events.

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Asexual Reproduction

Review common forms and characteristics of asexual reproduction.

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Blooket and Wayground Reviews

Open the Unit 5 section of the Biology Review Doc for Blooket games and Wayground reviews.

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